The name of my toes

Looking on Ngrams, the names that are most used appear to be:

Big toe,
Second toe,
Third toe (or middle toe),
Fourth toe,
Little toe (or fifth toe).

I have left "big toe" out of the Ngram, because it dominates everything else.

The toes are, from medial to lateral:

• Hallux ("big toe" or "great toe"), the innermost (most proximal) toe and the closest to the toes of the other foot
• Second toe or "long toe" (although commonly shorter than the big toe)
• Third toe, occasionally described as the "ring toe"
• Fourth toe, sometimes described as the "ring toe"
• Fifth toe ("little toe", "pinky toe", or "baby toe"), the outermost (most distal) toe

To continue your naming terminology (which are the common names anyway):

• Big toe
• Index toe
• Middle toe
• Ring toe
• Pinky toe

There are medical technical terms for each of the toes, but in common parlance, only two toes have names, the big toe and the pinky toe (the smallest one).