Is there a word/phrase to describe someone who works from home?

Consider teleworker:

someone who works from home, and communicates with their employer, customers etc using a computer, telephone etc.

(Longman)

EDIT: As the dictionary definition says, the means of communication with the employer are not limited to computers. Phone, beeper and other means are possible. A teleworker seamstress with no computer is therefore also possible. Maybe she uses her Android smartphone, or a landline, why not? From a job site called Telework Recruiting:

We are looking for an experienced seamstress to become part of our London team. Candidates must be able to work from home with their own equipment.

(http://www.teleworkrecruiting.com/job/seamstress/)

I prefer 'telecommuter':

Telecommuting, remote work,1 or telework is a work arrangement in which employees do not commute to a central place of work. A person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter"

I think homeworkers or home workers is the correct term. It is quite common usage as shown in Ngram below:

• are defined by the International Labour Organization as people working from their homes or from other premises of their choosing other than the workplace, for payment, which results of a product or service specified by the employer.

• There are an estimated 300 million homeworkers in the world, though because these workers generally function in the informal economy, and are seldom registered and often not contracted, exact numbers are difficult to come by.

• Recently, the phenomenon of homework has grown with increased communication technology, as well as changes in supply chains, particularly the development of Just In Time inventory systems.

(Wikipedia)

Homeworker:

• (Industrial Relations & HR Terms) a person who does paid work at home, rather than in an office. (Collins)

Ngram homeworkers, home workers

Homeworker Handbook - - U.S. Department of Labor:

• Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, homeworkers are entitled to the same protections of the law as other employees. Any violations committed with respect to homeworkers are subject to the penalties set forth in the law and in Regulations, 29 C.F.R. Parts 530 and 579.

• Homeworkers must be paid at a rate of not less than the minimum wage provided in the Act for all hours worked unless a lower rate is permitted under a special certificate for an individual homeworker in accordance with Regulations, 29 C.F.R. Part 525.

I guess "home-based employee" (or "home-based worker") would be phrase you are looking for?

See for example Home‐Based Work and Women’s Labor Force Decisions