What is the term for a situation where you need to do first in order to do second, but to do first you need to do second?

The English term you're looking for is Catch-22.

It comes from the title of the 1961 novel Catch-22, by Joseph Heller.

Also circular dependency or chicken-and-egg problem or (temporal) paradox.

As commented by @Ben, a "Catch-22" situation is is one where two mutually exclusive actions are required in order to achieve something (asking and not asking for an army discharge, in the original source Heller novel).

If the problem is that two different things both have to happen first, we call it a chicken and egg situation / problem. This same metaphor can be used when we're trying to figure out what came first in the past and (less commonly) when trying to decide which to do first in the future.

But it's also used to acknowledge the impossibility of making any progress at all, if two actions must both come "first" because each requires the prior existence of the other, and they can't happen simultaneously.